Glaucoma: Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention

What is Glaucoma?

Glaucoma is an eye condition that can damage the optic nerve. This nerve sends signals from your eye to your brain. Often, glaucoma is linked to high eye pressure. However, it can also happen with normal pressure. Over time, glaucoma may cause vision loss. In many cases, people do not notice symptoms early. Because of this, regular eye exams are important. According to the World Health Organization, glaucoma is a leading cause of blindness worldwide.

Common Causes of Glaucoma

There are several reasons why glaucoma can develop. Most often, it happens when fluid builds up in the front part of the eye. This extra fluid increases eye pressure. Yet, some people get glaucoma even with normal pressure. Here are some common causes:

Increased eye pressure (also called intraocular pressure)

Family history of glaucoma

Age over 60 years

Previous eye injuries

Use of certain medicines, like steroids

Other eye conditions or diseases

Sometimes, the cause is not clear. But, knowing your risk can help you stay alert.

Recognizing Symptoms of Glaucoma

Many people with glaucoma do not notice symptoms at first. In fact, vision loss often starts slowly. Still, some types of glaucoma can cause sudden problems. Watch for these signs:

Blurred vision

Seeing halos around lights

Eye pain or pressure

Redness in the eye

Nausea or vomiting (with eye pain)

Loss of side (peripheral) vision

If you notice any of these symptoms, seek help right away. Early treatment can protect your sight.

How Glaucoma is Diagnosed

Doctors use several tests to check for glaucoma. First, they measure your eye pressure. Next, they look at your optic nerve for signs of damage. They may also test your side vision. Sometimes, doctors use special images to see inside your eye. These tests are quick and painless. Regular eye exams help find glaucoma early, even before you notice symptoms.

Treatment Options for Glaucoma

Glaucoma treatment aims to lower eye pressure and prevent vision loss. Your doctor will choose the best plan for you. Common glaucoma treatment options include:

Eye drops to reduce eye pressure

Oral medicines (pills) in some cases

Laser therapy to improve fluid drainage

Surgery to create a new drainage path

Although treatment cannot restore lost vision, it can help stop further damage. Therefore, it is important to follow your doctor’s advice closely.

Lifestyle Tips and Prevention

While you cannot always prevent glaucoma, healthy habits can lower your risk. Try these tips to protect your eyes:

Get regular eye exams, especially if you are over 40

Know your family history of eye problems

Wear eye protection during sports or risky activities

Take medicines as prescribed

Eat a balanced diet rich in fruits and vegetables

Exercise regularly, but avoid activities that raise eye pressure

In addition, managing health problems like diabetes and high blood pressure can help.

When to See an Eye Specialist

If you notice any changes in your vision, do not wait. See an eye specialist right away. Also, schedule regular eye exams, even if you feel fine. Early detection is the best way to prevent vision loss from glaucoma. Remember, some people have higher risk, so talk to your doctor about your eye health.

For personalized advice on glaucoma prevention and treatment, consult an eye specialist at Jay Netra Kendra today.